Glocalization

WC = 1,489 GEO 101 Dr. Housel April 20, 2012 Nike – Hilversum, The Netherlands Hilversum, The Netherlands Hilversum, The Netherlands Beaverton, OR Beaverton, OR Have you ever heard of the phrase â€Å"Just Do It? † Do you know what the ‘Swoosh’ is that represents Nike’s logo? Nike’s headquarters in the United States is in Beaverton, Oregon and became a mainstream sporting sales corporation in 1978. The popularity of their apparel increased when multiple athletes signed a contract to promote and wear Nike in sporting events.Since citizens in other countries thrived on Nike clothing, Nike finally went overseas to build a corporation in The Netherlands (or The Dutch); this project was complete in 1999. The headquarters is located with easy access to the train station and was the site of a former harness track and Olympic training ground (McDonough). Nike products are sold to customers around the world. The athletic gear is made to have style and catch the eye of others. If the sales were good and there wasn’t a relapse, then why did Nike go overseas?In 2007, Nike got a lift courtesy of favorable exchange rates; a weaker dollar means greater sales abroad, as the products are priced more cheaply (Forbes). The income that Nike receives is thrived on by many features including promotions, new gear, and athletes. Both promotions and new gear have to do with buyers altering their costs to Nike for their deals and willingness to pay for the product. Athletes are the ones who sign a deal (either with Nike, Adidas, Under Armour, etc†¦) to wear and encourage viewers to buy their apparel while participating in their sport.As Nike moved into Europe where soccer is popular, more European soccer professionals made contracts with Nike. In past years, Nike has been one of the most prolific companies to excel in overseas sales with reaching 1. 48 billion dollars a year (Forbes). As football continues to be rise in the United Sta tes, Nike sales in football equipment are doing the same. Likewise, soccer is dominant in Europe, therefore more soccer paraphernalia is being produced overseas; every corporation will produce whatever brings in the most capital.The Netherlands’ most popular sport is soccer, with the Royal Dutch League being the largest sports federation in the country with over a million players (WIKI). Following the transaction of Nike going to Hilversum, The Netherlands National Soccer Team that participates in the Olympics changed sponsors to Nike in appreciation and to support the new corporation. Viewers realized the move and sales of The Netherlands gear rose to an all-time high. Another reason why they built in The Dutch was their living standards.The Dutch prosper through life with building wealthy families and neighborhoods to provide one of the most attractive places to settle in. The architecture of Nike’s Corporate Office in Northern Europe reflects the creativity and eye- catching techniques they believe in. When Nike went global, they made sure to adapt to the culture of The Netherlands and Northern Europe – if they didn’t and kept everything that Americans viewed as normal, employees may not feel comfortable in the workplace.Once the building was signed off, architects had already started implementing a plan to make the architecture of the new Nike European Headquarters match the unique, beautiful designs of other buildings in The Netherlands. The creative company of architects, William McDonough + Partners, has built many structures in Europe and this was their next challenge. In 1999, after years of work, the building was ready to be put to use and attract everybody in sight. The part of culture that sports, especially soccer, plays in Northern Europe is a strong.Therefore, it’d be smart to establish grounds around the Headquarters to promote athletics; and that’s what they did. The Nike European Headquarters site was once a former harness track and Olympic training ground that now continues the tradition of physical excellence through a jogging track, a central pond that freezes in the winter for an ice rink, and numerous athletic fields and courts (McDonough). Nike welcomes customers day in and day out to visit their grounds and enjoy the outside comradery with the rest of the community.Also, Nike created and bought multiple soccer attires to sell to the soccer-like customers in the region. As expected, the articles of clothing were a hit and that only created different types of soccer gear to be produced. The public was very intrigued with the effort and creativity of Nike employees, leading the entire Nike company (in both Europe and the United States) to receive gains of almost two billion dollars a year. A main environmental aspect The Netherlands flourishes on is ‘going green. Nevertheless, providing healthy air and helping the environment with an eco-friendly building is also what t he architects did. The Headquarters in Europe is said to be the most prominent example of green design and the green revolution is spreading to historic landmarks around the Northern European area now (Preservations). The building had success in doing the practice that they foresaw in the future. This architecture philosophy strives to minimize buildings resource and energy needs by using recycled or renewable building materials, solar power, and water efficiency (Preservations).The community was in awe when the building was finalized because they realized the new building in Hilversum was environmental friendly and did zero harm to society with saving energy. The Nike Headquarters in Hilversum opened up in 1999 – customers and employees immediately accepted the inside of the building because of the art placed throughout the structure. The art that is most accepted in Northern Europe is Flemish and Dutch due to religious backgrounds of most. Nike felt it would be more accepte d if they place these types of art throughout the building, in another way of a warm welcome to everybody that enters.The changes that Nike in Europe did from Nike in the United States put on inside is immense and the McDonough partners did a phenomenal job with it. In general, most businesses lose money when they outsource and go overseas. When Nike built in Hilversum, the attractiveness the building brought to the area encouraged everyone to visit, buy their apparel, and have fun outside the Headquarters. The main expense Nike had to worry about was advertising the new Headquarters and clothing that was being produced.But after Nike took a hit in the United States from low sales, Nike in Europe did more than making up the shortage and produced up to one point four eight billion dollars in the previous year (Forbes). The sales did not taper off, as they were seen to do, and Nike continues to be extremely popular in places other than just the United States. Nike building a Headquart ers overseas was one of the best ideas they could have implemented as a worldwide company. When they saw the sales weren’t increasing in the states and the dollar was down in Europe, they took the smart move and produced in Hilversum.Right away, the company universally flourished and provided a means of athletic gear to the European nation. The glocalization that Nike did made them even more of a world renowned entity to buy sportswear and to have attractive clothing that was bought at a great price. The takeaway for businesses expanding overseas is about competition and providing quicker access to items others don’t have near them. For instance, the competition that was brought to Europe when Nike moved allowed for those people to check out Nike rather than home-named brands that were in the area.Also, even though Nike was still heard of, they had to order it from the United States, which involved days of travel and excess money of shipping than if Nike was within ran ge of their homes. Before writing this paper, I didn’t realize that glocalization was a big part of how businesses excel overseas. After seeing the positives it brings, I believe more American businesses should expand overseas with a Headquarters (just not a sweatshop). I thought it was very unique in that Nike provided a place that made adapting simple to the new building; it created limited confusion and great attitudes throughout their new workplace.If I were a president of a company and wanted to receive more capital than I was getting, I would reach an identical plan to what Nike did and surpass any opinion or prediction that people would make on what the overseas business would do for the company worldwide. Works Cited McDonough, William. â€Å"Nike European Headquarters. † William McDonough Partners. William McDonough, 2012. Web. 06 Apr. 2012. . Farrell, Andrew. â€Å"Nike Swooshes Up Overseas. † Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 21 Sept. 2007. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Nike, Inc. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Mar. 2012. Web. 06 Apr. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nike,_Inc. â€Å"Companies: Shared Services Centers. † Company Profiles. Oct. 2008. Web. 06 Apr. 2012. . Hawes, Alex. â€Å"Going Green. † Preservationnation. org. 27 Nov. 2001. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. .

Battle of Magdhaba in World War I

Battle of Magdhaba in World War I Conflict The Battle of Magdhaba was part of the Sinai-Palestine Campaign of World War I (1914-1918). Date British troops were victorious at Magdhaba on December 23, 1916. Armies Commanders British Commonwealth General Sir Henry Chauvel3 mounted brigades, 1 camel brigade Ottomans Khadir Bey1,400 men Background Following the victory at the Battle of Romani, British Commonwealth forces, led by General Sir Archibald Murray and his subordinate, Lt. General Sir Charles Dobell, began pushing across the Sinai Peninsula towards Palestine. To support operations in the Sinai, Dobell ordered the construction of a military railway and water pipeline across the peninsulas desert. Leading the British advance was the Desert Column commanded by General Sir Philip Chetwode. Consisting of all of Dobells mounted troops, Chetwodes force pressed east and captured the coastal town of El Arish on December 21. Entering El Arish, the Desert Column found the town empty as Turkish forces had retreated east along the coast to Rafa and south long the Wadi El Arish to Magdhaba. Relieved the next day by the 52nd Division, Chetwode ordered General Henry Chauvel to take the ANZAC Mounted Division and the Camel Corps south to clear out Magdhaba. Moving south, the attack required a quick victory as Chauvels men would be operating over 23 miles from the closest source of water. On the 22nd, as Chauvel was receiving his orders, the commander of the Turkish Desert Force, General Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein visited Magdhaba. Ottoman Preparations Though Magdhaba was now in advance of the main Turkish lines, Kressenstein felt required to defend it as the garrison, the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the 80th Regiment, consisted of locally recruited Arabs. Numbering over 1,400 men and commanded by Khadir Bey, the garrison was supported by four old mountain guns and a small camel squadron. Assessing the situation, Kressenstein departed that evening satisfied with the towns defenses. Marching overnight, Chauvels column reached the outskirts of Magdhaba near dawn on December 23rd. Chauvels Plan Scouting around Magdhaba, Chauvel found that the defenders had constructed five redoubts to protect the town. Deploying his troops, Chauvel planned to attack from the north and east with the 3rd Australian Light Horse Brigade, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade, and the Imperial Camel Corps. To prevent the Turks from escaping, the 10th Regiment of the 3rd Light Horse was sent southeast of the town. The 1st Australian Light Horse was placed in reserve along the Wadi El Arish. Around 6:30 AM, the town was attacked by 11 Australian aircraft. Chauvel Strikes Though ineffective, the aerial attack served to draw Turkish fire, alerting the attackers to the location of trenches and strong points. Having received reports that the garrison was retreating, Chauvel ordered the 1st Light Horse to make a mounted advance towards the town. As they approached, they came under artillery and machine gun fire from Redoubt No. 2. Breaking into a gallop, the 1st Light Horse turned and sought refuge in the wadi. Seeing that the town was still being defended, Chauvel ordered the full attack forward. This soon stalled with his men pinned down on all fronts by heavy enemy fire. Lacking heavy artillery support to break the deadlock and concerned about his water supply, Chauvel contemplated breaking off the attack and went so far as to request permission from Chetwode. This was granted and at 2:50 PM, he issued orders for the retreat to begin at 3:00 PM. Receiving this order, Brigadier General Charles Cox, commander of the 1st Light Horse, decided to ignore it as an attack against Redoubt No. 2 was developing on his front. Able to approach through the wadi to within 100 yards of the redoubt, elements of his 3rd Regiment and the Camel Corps were able to mount a successful bayonet attack. Having gained a footing in the Turkish defenses, Coxs men swung around and captured Redoubt No. 1 and Khadir Beys headquarters. With the tide turned, Chauvels retreat orders were cancelled and the full attack resumed, with Redoubt No. 5 falling to a mounted charge and Redoubt No. 3 surrendering to the New Zealanders of the 3rd Light Horse. To the southeast, elements of the 3rd Light Horse captured 300 Turks as they attempted to flee the town. By 4:30 PM, the town was secured and the majority of the garrison taken prisoner. Aftermath The Battle of Magdhaba resulted in 97 killed and 300 wounded for the Turks as well as 1,282 captured. For Chauvels ANZACs and the Camel Corps casualties were only 22 killed and 121 wounded. With the capture of Magdhaba, British Commonwealth forces were able to continue their push across the Sinai towards Palestine. With the completion of the railway and pipeline, Murray and Dobell were able to commence operations against the Turkish lines around Gaza. Repulsed on two occasions, they were eventually replaced by General Sir Edmund Allenby in 1917.

Iris, the Greek Goddess

Iris, the Greek Goddess Iris was a swift messenger goddess in Greek mythology and a popular subject for vase painting, but better known as the goddess of the rainbow because Hermes (Mercury) is known as the messenger god. Iris is shown with wings, a (kerykeion) heralds staff, and a pitcher of water. She is a beautiful young woman described as wearing a multi-hued gown. Family of Origin Thaumas, son of the sea (Pontos), and Elektra, an Oceanid, are possible parents of Iris. Her sisters are the Harpiea Aello and Okypetes. In Early Greek Myth. Timothy Gantz (Early Greek Myth, 1993) says a fragment of Alcaeus (327 LP) says Iris mated with the west wind, Zephyros, to become the mother of Eros. Iris in Roman Mythology In the Aeneid, Book 9, Hera (Juno) sends Iris to incite Turnus to attack the Trojans. In Metamorphoses Book XI, Ovid shows Iris in her rainbow-hued gown serving as a messenger goddess for Hera. The Homeric Epics Iris appears in the Odyssey when Zeus sends her to convey his orders to the other gods and to mortals, when Hera sends her to Achilles. Iris also appears when she seems to act on her own to convey information while appearing disguised as a human- unlike the other times. Iris also helps a wounded Aphrodite from the battlefield and to carry Achilles prayer to Zephyros and Boreas. Iris seems to have revealed to Menelaus the fact that his wife, Helen, left with Paris in the Kypria. In the Homeric Hymns, Iris serves as ​a  messenger  to bring Eileithuia to help with Letos delivery and to bring Demeter to Olympus to deal with famine. Iris and the River Styx According to the Greek poet, Hesiod, Iris went to the Styx to bring water back for another god to swear an oath by.

Value Analysis Research Paper

Value Analysis Research Paper Value Analysis Research Paper Introduction Employees should undertake their tasks with integrity and honesty. By taking the role of the two virtues, they invoke the respect and trust from their employers. Levy (2000) regards honesty as the best policy at the workplace. An employee should endeavor to be valuable to the company. One needs to be trustworthy and dependable if the employer is to value them. Employers completely lose trust in their employees when they steal from them; stealing can be in terms of money and time. Money theft is however taken with seriously than that of time. Telling lies to the employer or to a senior person at the workplace destroys an employee’s image; this is because employees misrepresent themselves. Working for Revol Wireless was one of the most has been very pleasant experience for me. As a sales manager, my work was to oversee all the operations in the sales department. As a sales manager I had the power to recruit and hire sales staff for the company. I recruited, trained and later on hired my cousin as a sales associate. We had a healthy working relationship until I discovered that he had been giving exaggerated figures on the sales so that he can get a higher commission. He could forge receipts and afterward use then as ‘evidence’ of the sales made. I had built trust on him hence I did not bother to critically analyze his activities. Sometimes he would just use word of mouth to tell me about his progress, I took his word not realizing that he was a con. When the inconsistencies were large enough, his dirty acts were finally exposed. It was very disappointing to discover that the person I had put my trust on had betrayed my trust. This affected me since this incident could have incriminated me given that he is my cousin. Somehow, this thought made me to feel as if I was responsible for his mistakes; I kept on telling myself that I was to blame. It was even harder to imagine that the person I had worked so hard to train has been taking me for a ride. Looking back, I should have been more careful since some weeks before this shocking revelation, I had noticed some discrepancies but I ignored. This had been going on for some time and it took a while before I discovered his mischief. This act had gone against the company’s ethical code. This completely broke the trust I had in him. Dishonesty destroys a good working relationship between an employer and an employee; it breaks the trust that the employer had on the employee. Different beliefs and their attempt to solve the problem Confucianism holds that not all lying is bad; there are good and bad lies. Confucius states that it is okay for a son to protect his father during trial of a non-violent offense through lying (Murphy 2004). Sometimes lying can be regarded as a noble act. These are the kind of lies that people tell to protect loved ones from getting hurt. Supporters of this belief would not forward the sales associate since this would only present a bad image. A straightforward person does what is believed to be right but ends up hurting other people. Covering up for someone we hold dear is the main teaching of this beliefs system. Protocol would have demanded that such a person to be forwarded to the authorities. Using Confucianism arguments, the sales associate should not be taken to the authorities. The management is not aware of this fraud hence it will be easy to fix the problem at the sales department level. Covering up for the sales person would be the ultimate solution for this case. Confucian ism will regard this as a good lie. Upanishadic teachings emphasize on the importance of working earnestly. There is emphasis on the need to undertake all work to our best while we leave God to do the rest. Man is expected to play his role in a proficient manner but no one should try to undertake God’s work. There is need to approach the sales associate and ask him to explain the reason for his dishonesty. It is unwise for man to judge since this is the work of God. The associate need to seek spiritual proficiency since this will help him to become proficient in his work. There is need for spiritual nourishment since this will form the basis for self-assessment. There is no need to worry about the punishment of such an individual since this is the work of God. This is God’s part and He is the only one who can perform it perfectly (Scarry Scarry 2010). Hinduism is a belief that teaches people on the importance of integrity. It is believed the dishonest can never escape punishment. Human beings may view dishonesty as a violation of law but time comes when the offenders pay for their mistakes. Every person has a duty to tell the truth if they are to avoid the wrath of Goddess Parvathi. Every dishonest act that we as human being do is legible to punishment. Covering up for the mistakes of the sales associate will mean that the witness is a sinner too and judgment shall fall upon him. Punishment for dishonesty does not have to follow a legal proceeding since a spiritual power makes those who were involved in such acts to suffer for their sins. Dishonest people can never get away with their crime. Confession and telling the truth about what happened can help in solving the problem. The victim should not deny his involvement in the crime since this will only invoke punishment (Hollinger 1999). The Bible teaches Christians that God hates a tongue that lies. In Christianity lying is defined as deliberate falsehood. Christianity teachings state that God hates a lying tongue and a witness who tells false lies. The sales associate has committed a sin according to these teachings because he has been pretending to be something he is not. The Bible recommends that such a person needs to confess his sins so that forgiveness can be granted. If he fails to confess that he has sinned, he cannot be forgiven. The Bible would require the associate to humble himself while asking for forgiveness. Condemnation will fall upon him on the judgment day if he fails to repent his sins. Hypocrisy and deceits are linked together and praying for forgiveness is the only way that the sinner can escape God’s wrath. Marxism envisages morality as a very important aspect in a society. It regards a society as having transcended morals (Greenberg 2010). A society can only be regarded as moral if the people living within it take their roles seriously. This belief system however holds that there are no rules that can be used to judge morality. The crime in question cannot be regarded as serious or not. There is no scale that can be used to gauge the kind of punishment that is appropriate for certain crimes. The sales associate went against the rules of the company but this should not be used as a basis for judging him; this is not enough reason to prove that he is immoral. This belief system suggests that the rules of morality keep changing hence there is no one definition of morality. There are no rules that can be used to determine the degree of crime that the sales associate has committed. However, there is need to analyze the situation further since the perception of the crime may be different to both the management and the sales director. Existentialism holds that actions have an inherent moral attribute. There is a common belief among the proponents of this belief that people need to behave appropriately if they are to be regarded as good people. Doing what is right has some advantages since it make us feel valuable. We need to do what is right if we are to be regarded as morally upright. The sales associate should be reported to the concerned authorities since he has broken the rules. Going against the rules of the company is wrong hence it is important for the sales manager to deal with the case in the most appropriate way; this should obviously be guided by the rules and regulations of the company. There is need to do what is expected hence the sales associate’s mistake should not be overlooked because he is the sales director’s cousin. The law should take its course in this case since this is what protocol demands. Personal basic belief system The Hinduism belief system is my basic belief system. This belief system gives nature a chance to take its course. Evil doers may escape with impunity but they can never escape the wrath of the supernatural being. The legal processes are an important part of the judicial system but their powers are limited. It is impossible for someone to go through this life doing what is wrong and then live a happy life. Nature has a way of ensuring that such people receive their punishment before they land six feet under. Someone may be jailed for some few years and once they are released, they go back to their former ways of life. The punishment from the Holy one cannot be overlooked since it bears effects that cause much suffering. Whenever someone wrongs others even if it is through stealing from an employer, this selfish act is punishable (Gaskin 2002). There are various ways in which people can escape such punishment, confessing and asking for forgiveness saves the people from punishment. Deliberate sins are very serious and assailants should be heavily punished. Hinduism acknowledges the power of the Holy one and it is their belief that He is able to revenge for them. Judgment and punishment is God’s work and He is the only one who can undertake his responsibility well. When one’s conscience is dead, it is only the punishment of a supernatural being that can reverse things. Dishonesty is one of the vices that Hinduism opposes and its judgment is serious since one can even die. The court processes are important in ensuring that justice prevails but they are not the ultimate solution to all criminal offenses such as employee dishonesty. Most basic descriptive value Honesty and dependability helps to build a strong character. Honesty ensures that many problems within the working environment are solved appropriately. It is an important aspect in business in the same way it is to our personal lives. When someone is honest at work, they tend to win the trust of their employers after a short period of time. Honesty makes one to gain respect and trust within the company. If the sales associate has not lied about the sales, he would not have tainted his name hence the sales director would have continued to respect him. Honesty enables employees to work according to the values that they have set. This is an important aspect since it helps to guide those in lower positions how to conduct themselves. When one is honest at the work place, he or she acquires a clear understanding of the important things and this is a very useful aspect in decision making. In a work environment, dependability entails giving the employer a reason to trust the employee’s ability to undertake a certain task (Paloutzian Park 2005). This is an important aspect since it ensures that the employee can be entrusted with certain tasks. When someone is dependable, there is no need to have a supervisor since such people can perform their roles with minimum supervision; their proficiency does not depend on whether they are being watched or not. People need to be honesty and dependable if they are to escape the punishment of the supernatural being. The two values are emphasized in the Hinduism belief system since they form character. The most basic moral values The most basic moral values that emerge from Hinduism concerning the issue of honesty are the need for patience and man’s acknowledgement that God is the ultimate judge. There is no way that man’s judgment can compare to God’s. I am a relativist since I believe that it is my personal traits that enable me to judge situations. In this case, it is advisable to let God play his role since He is the overall determinant of how our lives will be tomorrow and the days to come. He has the power to decide the most appropriate time to punish wrongdoers. Human beings may rush to judge these people but this judgment may not have a huge impact as that of God. Supernatural powers are not to be joked around with since their punishment is real. As a deontologist, stealing from an employer is wrong not because the employer is unknowing but because stealing is a vice (Waardenburg 1999). The moral rightness of an act is considered in terms of the outcomes it brings about. It is wrong to steal from an employer even if the salary or commission is low; there are better ways to solve such an issue such as engaging in a dialogue. It is wrong for man to undertake God’s role in judgment since He is the only judge who is allowed to make final judgments. Local tribunals may try criminals but God’s punishment is ideal. It has the power to make an individual to make a u-turn in his life. Deontologists define morality in terms of following the set rules and regulations. The rules establish actions that have been recognized as true. Since the sales associate’s act deceived the sales director intentionally, this person is moral wrong. It is important to follow a set of rules so that rightness can be upheld. Teleology does not present convincing arguments. The arguments that someone can just endeavor to be happy for no reason at all is illogical. People strive to be happy for various reasons. A person can work hard to attain financial independence so that they can enjoy the fruits of their hard labor later in life (Gaskin 2002). We all strive to be happy for various reasons and among them is attaining a sense of belonging. The sales executive did not just steal for the sake of it; he had an undisclosed reason for stealing from the employers. Resolving the problem Dishonesty at the workplace is one of the vices that break the good working relationship between employers and employees. Ethics is a very important part of the workplace. In resolving this problem appropriately, to start with it is important to get the sales person to confess the sins he has committed. Next, it is important to get into the bottom of the problem by asking the sales associate why he was dishonest. The reason provided will form good grounds for proper judgments to be made. If the reasoning is not convincing, the person needs to face the law. It is important to note that it would be unwise to refuse to listen to the reasoning given since it may point to some loopholes within the organization. Listening helps the employer to critically analyze the situation; this helps in determining the kind of decision will be made to determine the fate of the suspect. Conclusion At the work place, honesty forms the basis of a good working relationship between the various staff of different levels. The moment dishonesty sets in; the good working relationship is destroyed. Stealing from the employer is one of the most common mistakes that employees make. Most of them steal with the hope that the employer will never find out. When discrepancies are discovered, the trust that employers had on employees is destroyed. The case in question involves a sales associate who steals by lying about the amount of sales made with the aim of earning a higher commission. There are several religious beliefs that have attempted to solve this problem depending on the unique beliefs of the religious group. The ideas of world views such as Marxism and Existentialism have also been applied in solving the case. My basic belief system is Hinduism, its way of dealing with the issue of honesty reasonable. This beliefs system presents such moral values as the importance of allowing God to be the overall judge and the fact that God’s judgment is inevitable. The ethical problem in the case can be solved best if the reason behind such misconduct is identified. This will ensure that the sales director will decide on the way forward. custom writing service can provide you with a high-quality custom research paper on any topic and in any subject you need. Feel free to order your paper online.

Delinquent Juveniles Should Not Be Tried as Adults Essay

Delinquent Juveniles Should Not Be Tried as Adults - Essay Example Initiation of early intervention programs and counseling will effectively deter juvenile delinquency. Delinquent juveniles should not be tried as adults Introduction The criminal justice system experiences many problems that hinder it from reducing the crime rates in the US. Despite the efforts that have been made in policing, prosecution, and sentencing of the criminal acts, the criminal justice system has remained ineffective in deterring crimes. One of the major problems with the criminal justice system is trying and sentencing of criminal juvenile offenders as adults (Siegel & Worrall, 2012, p. 315). Juvenile offenders lack the mental and emotional capacity to form intent and understand the consequences of committing crimes. According to the legal definition, a delinquent juvenile is a child who commits criminal acts that are punishable by law. According to the sociological perspective, a delinquent juvenile is just a child with antisocial behaviors in the society. The criminal j ustice system should aim at rehabilitating the juvenile offenders and not punishing them. Judges, lawyers, and prosecutors obstruct the processes that must be followed in trying the juvenile offenders. Almost all States have amended the laws to make it easier to sentence the juvenile offenders as adults (Siegel & Worrall, 2012, p. 315). ... presentation of the juvenile offenders during the trial and constitutionality of the harsh punishments has made the criminal justice system ineffective in prosecuting the juveniles. Juveniles have been prosecuted for joint crimes with adults in crimes that may not have involved the use of violence or physical injury of the victim. According to the US laws, juveniles of 14 years lack the legal capacity to hold a driver’s license, to seek employment, or enter in to legally binding contracts on their own. Children are required to attend school and receive adequate protection of the government in protection of their rights. The above concept of the law has been ignored by the criminal justice system, since juvenile offenders lack the cognitive and mental capacity to reason and form intent while committing criminal acts like murder and assault (Albanese & Dammer, 2011 p. 265). Young teenagers experience varied emotions and behavior swings due to high vulnerability to pressure and s ocial stress and, therefore, lack the mental ability to resist the risk taking behaviors like drug abuse. Juvenile offenders experience low social status in the society than adults. In 1994 alone, 2.7 million juveniles were arrested by the police for engaging in numerous crimes including violent crimes, status offenses, and non-violent crimes. In the same year, over 12,000 delinquency cases were referred to adult criminal courts by a process known as certification. The waiver of jurisdiction allows the juveniles of the ages of 16 and 17 years to be tried as adults in the adult criminal courts (Smith & Cole, 2008, p. 398). According to a Supreme Court ruling in the case of Stanford V Kentucky (1989), juveniles as young as 16 years can receive death penalties for juvenile criminal acts. About

Personal Security and The Internet Research Paper

Personal Security and The Internet - Research Paper Example The 20th century technological breakthroughs could never have been complete without the internet because it has played a significant role in changing the lives of people within this generation. It has enabled people to apply information with ease, to study without difficulty and communicate effortlessly. Apparently, the internet has made it possible to access huge and diverse amount of information without making many efforts as was required in the past. It also facilitates faster intake and processing of information However, the internet has its own setbacks as well. Some of these setbacks are so harmful and have the potential of causing many risks to users of the internet. As compared to two decades ago, today the world faces unique security and privacy issues that were not there before the introduction of the internet. With the escalation of the internet, such entities as advertising firms and spammers that are associated with it have emerged as well. Apparently, the internet has s everal applications such as data compilation, use of tracking and other techniques. The application of these has brought in more weird behaviors like hacking of some sites in the internet. The result is that people have developed some behaviors that are detrimental to the security and privacy of the internet users worldwide (Gralla, 2006). How the Internet influences our livesIt is true that the internet has changed the lives of people who are living in this generation almost completely. Through the internet, communications have become easier as it has facilitated efficiency in communication. Even without a physical television, one can still watch TV online and be able to get faster news. The internet has also made it easier to connect with people from whichever part of the world that they are in. through, emails, text messaging, video charts and the use of the social media like face book and twitter, it is now possible to share ideas, information, pictures, events and videos throug h the internet. In the past, somebody had to write a letter that could take ages to reach its destinations. Besides, the existence of Skype, messenger chats and other applications like Whatsapp has enabled people to have casual conversations with one another. Young people are the most

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade - Essay Example The Europeans would transport manufactured commodities from Europe to Africa. These commodities included guns, metal items, cowrie shells, tobacco and clothes. Guns enhanced the expansion of empires and access of slaves from among Africans. European traders transported slaves to the Americas on ships across the Atlantic Ocean (Rawley and Stephen 35). Besides the initiatives that the Europeans took to get slaves, some Africans were more than willing to help in enslaving their fellow Africans. It was not hard for these Africans to do this because it was not their first time to deal with slaves. Even before the coming of the Europeans, there were Africans who had their own slaves.Also, some Africans had dealt in the slave trade with Islamic Arab merchants in North Africa from as early as 900. African traders would capture slaves, and transport them to seaports that were convenient for European traders (Lovejoy 23). If there were no people eligible for enslavement in their local communit ies, African traders would raid other communities. The Europeans then transported the slaves back to their homeland to work in their plantations. These activities are what made up the stages that made the Trans-Atlantic trade triangular. Notable occurrences marked the middle passage. The middle passage refers to the transport of slaves from Africa to America. It took the Europeans up to three months to get the slaves to the Americas. Slaves experienced many challenges all the way through the middle passage.... Besides the initiatives that the Europeans took to get slaves, some Africans were more than willing to help in enslaving their fellow Africans. It was not hard for these Africans to do this because it was not their first time to deal with slaves. Even before the coming of the Europeans, there were Africans who had their own slaves. Also, some Africans had dealt in the slave trade with Islamic Arab merchants in North Africa from as early as 900. African traders would capture slaves, and transport them to seaports that were convenient for European traders (Lovejoy 23). If there were no people eligible for enslavement in their local communities, African traders would raid other communities. The Europeans then transported the slaves back to their homeland to work in their plantations. These activities are what made up the stages that made the Trans-Atlantic trade triangular. Notable occurrences marked the middle passage. The middle passage refers to the transport of slaves from Africa to America. It took the Europeans up to three months to get the slaves to the Americas. Slaves experienced many challenges all the way through the middle passage. These challenges started with the slave ships carrying more slaves than their capacity could allow. Slaves were, therefore, congested in ships and had no choice but to live through immense fatigue and risk of contagious diseases. Many succumbed to diseases such as small pox and dysentery, and some captains would throw sick slaves into the ocean. Slaves endured the solar heat and the heat that came from their congestion. They put up with whipping, torture and abuse by the shipping crew. At some point, the slaves joined in resisting and revolting against mistreatment